Mauritania, a country where the Sahara meets the Atlantic, offers intrepid travellers a unique blend of natural wonders, ancient history, and unforgettable adventures. Here are the top 5 tourist sites that showcase the best of this captivating West African nation:
1. The Mauritanian Iron Ore Train: The Epic Desert Journey
Topping our list is the legendary iron ore train, an experience that epitomizes adventure travel. As the world's longest and heaviest train, stretching up to 3 kilometres, it offers a truly unique way to traverse the Sahara. Adventurous individuals can ride atop the ore-filled wagons for a 704-kilometer journey from Zouerat to Nouadhibou, experiencing the raw beauty of the desert landscape. This isn't just a tourist attraction though; it's a functioning commercial train that provides an authentic glimpse into Mauritania's economic lifeline. The journey is challenging, dusty, and unforgettable – a true badge of honour for any traveller.
Travellers can climb aboard near the Zouérat mines in Fderik for an epic 18-22 hour journey, or hop on when the train makes a stop in the small village of Choum for a shorter 10-13 hour ride. Riders will experience unrelenting heat and sun during the day, and a cold windy night under the stars of the Sahara, so it is important to be prepared with proper clothes, goggles, and face coverings. A ticket to ride in the passenger car at the back of the train is 300 ouguiyas ($7.50 USD), but most adventurers and locals alike choose to hitchhike on top of the iron ore carts free of charge.
2. Chinguetti
Step back in time in Chinguetti, an ancient desert city that once stood as a vital centre of Islamic culture and learning. This UNESCO World Heritage site boasts stunning examples of Saharan architecture, with sand-coloured stone buildings dating back to the 13th century. Explore ancient mosques, wander through narrow alleyways, and visit historic libraries housing precious manuscripts. As the sun sets, the surrounding sand dunes create a mesmerizing backdrop, offering a glimpse into the city's storied past as a hub for pilgrims enroute to Mecca.
Chinguetti is divided into two parts, the old city and the new. There is no cost to wander around the old city but visiting any of the city’s five libraries that are open to the public is 100 ouguiyas. Visitors will likely be approached by a local guide when they arrive at the old town who can share the unique history of this ancient site and show manuscripts and interesting artifacts and tools, such as a funnel used for bride-fattening. To get to Chinguetti, one can take a public bus from Nouakchott to Atar, then Atar to Chinguetti, or hire a private car from Nouakchott or Tergit.
3. Banc d'Arguin National Park
Nature enthusiasts will marvel at the biodiversity of Banc d'Arguin National Park, another UNESCO World Heritage site. This vast coastal area, spanning 12,000 square kilometres, is a crucial stopover for millions of migratory birds. Visitors can witness an incredible array of bird species, including flamingos and pelicans, against a backdrop of sand dunes meeting the Atlantic. The park's waters are home to diverse marine life, including dolphins and the rare Mediterranean monk seal. Whether birdwatching, fishing with local Imraguen people, or simply soaking in the unspoiled scenery, Banc d'Arguin offers an unparalleled natural experience.
Entrance tickets to the park are around $5 per person. A 4x4 vehicle is necessary for traversing the park and can be hired from Nouakchott or Nouadhibou. The best time to visit is November-March, which is when temperatures are mild and millions of birds migrate to the park’s salt flats and lagoons for winter.
4. Terjit Oasis
Hidden within the Adrar plateau lies the Terjit Oasis, a lush haven amidst the arid Sahara. This natural wonder features crystal-clear pools fed by underground springs, surrounded by towering palm trees and dramatic rock formations. Visitors can cool off in the refreshing waters, relax in the shade of date palms, and camp under the star-filled desert sky. The contrast between the verdant oasis and the surrounding desert creates a magical atmosphere, making Terjit a must-visit for those seeking tranquillity and natural beauty.
The entrance fee for the oasis is 200 ouguiyas. Camping at Terjit is possible and can be arranged ahead of time. The campsite has basic showers and bathrooms. To get to the oasis, one can take a public bus from Nouakchott for 500 ouguiyas. The bus stops outside of the village, so travellers will either need to walk the rest of the way or arrange transport from the bus stop through their Terjit accommodation. A private car can also be arranged from Nouakchott.
5. Nouakchott: The capital of Mauritania
Mauritania's capital, Nouakchott, offers a vibrant introduction to the country's modern face while preserving traditional elements. The bustling Port de Pêche (fishing port) provides a colourful spectacle as fishermen bring in their daily catch on painted wooden boats. Culture enthusiasts should visit the National Museum to delve into Mauritania's rich history and diverse ethnic heritage. For a truly local experience, explore the lively markets, including the camel market – one of Africa's largest.
To get around Nouakchott, travellers can hop in a shared taxi or a public bus, but note that drivers will likely note speak English. Both Port de Pêche and the camel market are free to visit and are bustling at any time of day.
Of course, if you want to guarantee that you'll see the best Mauritania has to offer, with as little hassle as possible, join us on one of our tours, whether it's just to Mauritania , or elsewhere in Africa as well.
